WACECE COMPUTER?
Kwamfuta-:
na’urace mai aiki da kwakwalwa , wajen
karba tahanyar shigrwa (input) da sarrafawa(processing) da adanawa (stores) da
kuma mika bayanai a sigogi daban-daban daidai da yadda mai amfani da ita ya
umarceta. Wannan shine taqaitaccen ta’arifi na kwamfuta.
Sannan kwamfuta tanada bangarori manya hadakar wadannan
abubuwa ke samarda abunda ake kira (computer
system).
Gangar jikin kwamfuta (Hardware) shine kwarangwal guda biyu
: bangaren Ganagar jiki wato (Hardware), dakuma bangaren Ruhi wato (software). Kuma
ko tarukuce ko ince karikitai da zaka gani kuma ka iya
tabawa da hannunka su ake kira ganagarjiki (Haradware) wadanda suka hada da
talabijin (monitor), madannan/allon shigararda bayanai (Keyboard),da dan Beran
kwamfuta (Mouse),
MOUSEKEYBOARDMONITOR
dasauran abuwan dakuke iya gani awjen kwamfuta dama wadanda
suke cikinta.
Duk wadannan abubuwa damuka lissafa ana hadasune da wani abu
da’ake kira CPU wato Cental Processing Unit).
wanda shine akwatin da maikaratu yake gani kuma za’aga yana
dauke da wasu ramuka/ kofofi wadanda ake jona wadanca abubuwa da muka lissafa
asama; sannan da zaka bude cikin wannan akwati babu komai aciki sai wayoyi, da
karafu ,robobi da kananan glasai/kafafu masu haske wadannan ana kiransu
microchip.
Haryanzu ita wannan akwati da’ake kira CPU wato masarrafar
kwamfuta itma ciki takasu gida uku sune : Sashen lissafi wato ALU (arithmetic
Logic unit), Sahsen lura da dukkan umarni da akayiwa kwmafuta wato control Unit(CU)
, sai na ukun Sashen ajiya (Memory unit); ga bayanansu atakaice:
Ø Ø Sahsen Lissafi Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): wannan sashi shine yake daukar alhakin dukwani lissafi da kwamfuta zatayi, kama daga lissafi irin wanda kasani dakuma lisafa umurni da akabawa kwamfuta na tayi kazaa ko tabar kazaa ! kafin muje ko’ina yakamata mai karatu yasani cewa ita Kwamfuta batajin yarenda kake rubute dashi ma’ana harrufan dakake dannawa, kamar muce bakin A ko kalma misalai yes ko 1 2 3… duk wannan kwamfuta batasanshiba yarenda tasani shine sifli (0) da daya (1) zero & one; (010101010101010) wannan shine misalign yarenda kwamfuta keji ! misali idan kadanna 1 to ita batasan me ake nufi dashiba kamar kasamu baturene da bafulatani kahadasu gu daya kace kanaso suyi magana alhalin bawanda kejin yaren daya to meze faru ? kaga kana bukatan wanda yakejin yarukan duka biyu domin yafassarawa wanda akeson maganar dashi abunda ake nufi to haka kwamfuta take se ansamu dan tsakiya (Interpreter) daze gayamata abunda karubuta ta yarenda takeji wato (0s & 1s ) sannan tafahimci me kadanna ko mekake nufi misali idan kadanna 1 akan allon shigarda bayani (keyboard) to itakuma seta medashi 001, idan 2 ne 010, idan 3 ne 011; hakadai kome kadanna seta juyashi zuwa yarenda takeji kuma me fassaramata shine ake kira interpreter ko compiler! Wadannan masu fassara suma manhajojine da’ake kirkiransu ake hadasu da injin kwamfutarka tundaga kamfanin da akayi kwamfutar; wataran zamuyi Magana akansu suma in allah yaso zamu gayamuku yasuke aiwatarda wannan fassara ha riata kwamfuta tafahimta sannan tabaka abunda kanema cikin kifyawa zatamaka wadannan canje canje, abun mamaki duk dannawarka daya setayi wadannan ayyuka amma yakaga idan kana typing dasauri ? abun da mamaki ! to duk wannan lissafi dama waninsa irinsu kace 2+2 kaga tasamaka 4, ko kace bari, bude, rufe! ko duk abunda kanema to duk suna faruwane a sashin lissafi da kididdiga (ALU).
Ø
Sahsen lura da dukkan umarni da akayiwa kwmafuta
wato control Unit(CU): wannan shine babban sahe a cikin kwamfuta, ba ina nufin
girma na fadi ko nauyi ba a’a girman amfani domi shine kwakwalwar kwamfuta (
brain of the comuter) kowacce masarrafa acikin kwamfua yana karkashin kulawar
wannan sashe kamar kace MD a company, shine wanda duk wata sarrafwa dazata faru
a computer seda kulawarsa da amincewarsa kama daga ALU dakuma Memory unit
dazamuyi Magana akai nan kusa. Wannan yada gwada maka cewa shine tushe kuma
kwakwalwa kamar yadda kukasan mutum duk wani control yana faruwane daga
kwakalwa to haka wannan sashe yake cikin kwamfuta.
Ø
Sekuma sashe na uku wato Sashen ajiya (Memory
unit) wato ma’ajiya, bangaren aadanawa
kamar yadda kukasan memory card na wayoyinku shima wannan bangaren hake
yake; saida yakasu kasha uku (3):
§
Akwai Sashen ajiya ta dindindin (Hard disk) wato
ma’ajin tabbataccen saqo/bayanai
§
Sekuma sashen
ajiya ta wucin gadi Read Only Memory(ROM).
§
Sashen ajiya ta sarrafawa Random Acees Memeory(RAM)
1.
Sashen ajiya ta dindindin (permanent memory)
shine inda idan me aiki da kwamfuta yashigarda bayanai rubutacce ko sauti
(Audio) ko hoto(pictures) ko hoto me motsi (video) yai musu ajiya ta dindindin Saved.
Hard disk
1.
Shikuwa
sashen ajiya ta wucin gadi ROM (Read Only Memory) shine sashenda alokacin
da kake rubutu bakayi ajiyar dindindinba, to wannan rurbutun yana zaunene kan
volatile memory wanda da wuta lantarki ko kwamfutar zata dauke ko ka kashe
bakayi ajiyar tabbataba (Save) to karasasu Kenan seka sake sabo !.
2.
Sashen
ajiyaa t sarrafawa RAM (Random Access Memory): wato wannnan sashe yanada matukar muhimmancshii ne wanda kowani
abu ake akan kwamfuta seyazo cikinsa yazauna kafin abun yayiwu ! ma’ana idan
abun da’aka bude yanakan kwamfutarne wato yanacikin ma’ajiya ta dindindin to
zebaro gurin alokacin aiki dashi zeshigo kan Ram sannan acigaba da aiki dashi
RAM
“wannan shiaysa kakeji ake baka shawara idan
zaka zabi kwamfuta (PC)/wayar hannu(smart phone) to kanemi me girman RAM saboda
duk wani aiki sakakeyi alokacinda kakeyi to yana hawa kan Ram ne kaga idan
karamine kuma ayyuka sunyi yawa sekaga kwamfutarka ko wayarka tana nauyi domin
kabude ayyuka masu yawa abunda ake kira multi tasking kila kana kallon hotuna
sekabude whatsapp ka kara bude wasu abubuwa daban daban to sekaga sunyiwa shi
wannan marikin aikin RAM nauyi”
Nan zan dasa aya cikin wannan fita tayau , zamucigaba a
gamuwa tabiyu zamu kawo sirrika da ayyukan wadansu ababe da’ake kira Auxiliaries ds cikin wannan darasi na mecece kwamfuta
(computer)? Dakuma wasu sirrika dazaka sansu masu zarfi da bansha’awa a wannan
shafi namu me albarka (Masarrafa Institute of Technology) wanda muke fatan
kawomuku bayanan ilimin kimiyyar zamani a yaren hausa dama turanciin takama.
Dafatan zaku bayyana mana ra’ayinku a kasa wajen comment kuma zakuyi sahrin na
rubuce rubucenmu.
Allah yasa mudace.
Rubutawa :
Ismail Muhammad.
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