Ina matasan Jami'a kada kubari wannan dama ta wuceku!

FG ta bude shafin bada agajin karatu (Scholarship) ga dukwani dalibin Jami'a (Universities) ko Tsangayar Ilimi (Colleges of Education) ko Tsangayar Koyarda Fasaha ( Polytech..) kai harma masu karatun gabada Degree wato MSc ko PHD.

kudanna wannan Link dake qasa don cikewa 👇👇👇

https://fsbn.com.ng/applicants/auth/login

Shiga nan don cikewa kaistsaye

kuziyarci shafukanmu domin samun bayanai daban-daban 👉👉👉 Masarrafa Facebook ko ku Danna nan

How to start a blog ?

 

 Follow our ultimate guide

Blogs are a great way to establish your online identity and offer a natural platform for your content. However, there are a few key things you need to consider before making a start. Here we break down the steps you can’t miss and what you need to cover before clicking publish.

What is a blog and how can you benefit from it?

Simply put, a blog is a series of articles and content called posts. The default display for most blogs is usually a scroll down list, with the most recent posts prioritised. To make content a bit more user-friendly, it is also common for posts to be tagged as particular categories or by specific search terms.

Most importantly, a blog can be based around any topic, whether you want to create content on your favourite cafés, your holidays or posts on what shopping you’ve done this month. The key thing to remember is that you should regularly post on your blog. Whilst websites are usually more fixed in terms of content, the main attraction of blogs is that they are up to date and consistently updated.

Why should you give yourself a content platform and start blogging? Here are the three main benefits:

• Make connections and network: You will make significant connections and gain recognition in your field. By refining your blogging and researching your topics well, you can become known as an expert in your field. This will increase your value as an affiliate to seller or merchants if you wish to pursue affiliate marketing later on.
• Creating a knowledge hub: Blogging is creating information for a public space, and a great way to share expertise. Not only can you connect with people who are interested in the same things as you are, but you can trade knowledge on these topics. Comment sections can be a valuable source of discussions and allow for real conversation around your posts.
• Earn a passive income: Making money from home is a significant reason to pursue blogging. Popular bloggers can make a surprising amount of money, and if you are writing about a topic you love, it can seem like an easy income. However, there is a lot of work that goes into producing top-notch content. Still, the idea of earning an income for just a few hours a week creating content is a top reason people blog.

If you would like to start a blog, with the potential to earn money from it, all you need is an interest or specialist subject to attract an audience to your site. A topic you’re naturally interested in will help you find the motivation to post regular, engaging content.

Why is blogging still popular in 2020?

Blogging is essentially a way to share your interest or passion with a wider audience. In 2020, blogging still provides an opportunity to connect with like-minded people on shared passions for topics. As blogging has grown, so has the range of subjects that are covered. You can always write about classic topics like travel or fashion, but you can also write about comic books or Korean beauty products if those are more your interests. As long as you are writing about what you care about, your audience will identify with your passion and stay engaged with you.

Blogging is also popular in 2019 due to its use as an affiliate marketing platform. With a ready-made audience who trust their opinions, bloggers are now able to make an income from their product recommendations. By simply joining an affiliate network, bloggers have the chance to link particular items and receive a commission from the product seller/merchant – all by just having their audience click through on blog-based links.

The downside to starting your own blog

There are a few things would-be bloggers should pay attention to so they avoid common blogging pitfalls. Blogging can be a bigger commitment than it may seem even though you’re writing about something you love. Here are a few things you need to consider before embarking on your blogging journey:

• Technical issues: You don’t have to be a programming whiz kid to get your own blog off the ground, but it is important that you understand a few basics. Plugins, SEO considerations and even paid links can be tricky to set up if you are completely new to setting up your own site. While working with a content management system like WordPress will alleviate some of that stress, making small mistakes can be very frustrating and sometimes even costly.
• Feedback: Producing content for a public audience can be incredibly rewarding. Having people relate to your ideas or opinions can be validating and often provides a great confidence-boost to budding bloggers. However, there is always the chance that someone will disagree with your work and feel the need to let you know – and not always in the friendliest of terms. Although this can be a big downside to blogging, negative opinions or feedback don’t make up the norm. Remember to keep things in perspective.
• Loss of time: Blogging often takes a lot of time. Research, writing and editing – it all adds up. If you’re taking SEO into consideration, then even more time is necessary, as you will need to produce longer, more comprehensive texts in order to perform well in organic search results. Additionally, it also takes time in the long run to build an audience and generate income.

Although these are things you need to keep in mind when starting a blog, don’t quit. The potential rewards of running a successful blog far outweigh these concerns. Now you can jump into preparing to start your blog with a fully prepared and more informed mindset.

Blogging for beginners

If you have considered both the pros and cons of starting a blog and are still ready to make a start, then you need to read through our step by step guide to setting your blog up.

How do you set-up a blog?

Setting up your blog can be broken down into five key steps:

1. Name your blog

Before you go anywhere, you’ll need to settle on a name for your blog. If you are worried that your top idea is already taken, most domain hosts will let you know what sites are already registered. Additionally, they will often give you similar alternatives that are still free to choose.

Your blog’s name will be the first thing your audience comes to know you by, so finding something relevant and recognisable is vital. Perhaps write up a list with some keywords related to your blog topic, and create a few different variations on catchy phrases.

2. Get online

A big factor in how your blog will be perceived is the hosting service you choose. Yes, you can always choose a free platform, but if you’re looking to make an income from your blog, it may be worth investing in something a little more reliable.

Here are some things to consider when choosing a web host for your blog:

• Speed
• Security
• Support

3. Design your blog

Once you have got the basics of choosing a name and web host out of the way, it’s time to get to the real nitty gritty of designing your blog. Most blogging platforms actually have a simplified backend, so don’t worry about things getting too technical.

It’s likely that you’ll be working with a CMS (Content Management System) to set up your posts, create formatting, and to edit your content. Most CMS platforms (like WordPress) are extremely user-friendly, so you won’t need specialist knowledge just to ensure your blog looks the way you want it to look.

WordPress is a popular choice due to its simplicity and the range of plugins or customisations available. Over 60% of all blogs are run on WordPress, including huge sites like Forbes and TechCrunch.

Whichever CMS you choose, make sure you consider design and layout carefully. You may think your content is more important but the visual impact of your site also affects site traffic. A study from Google and the University of Basel found that users judge a website on aesthetic beauty and assumed functionality within 1/50th of a second. First impressions count!

4. Start creating your content

Once you have your name and site designed, you will probably have a good idea of where you want to begin with your content. However, as with everything, a solid strategy will help save you time and also make sure your posts follow a cohesive path.

An editorial calendar is essentially an outline of which posts you’ll cover and on what date. This will allow you to plan key topics and tangential discussions, as well as let you productively organise your research. So how do you come up with the topics for your calendar?

Brainstorming is basic but effective. Jot down as many ideas or terms related to your blog topic as you can. Think of some questions you’ve had about the topic, because if you have wondered about something, it is likely your potential audience has, too. There are even keyword research tools available like Twinword Ideas to help you add to your word cloud. After you have come up with some strong ideas, organise them by setting up a spreadsheet. Here you can list your ideas and rank them by:

• How well they fit your blog topic
• How much demand there is from your readers
• How much potential blog traffic would be created

It’s also worth checking out other bloggers in your space and discovering which of their posts have the most engagement or have been shared. Remember, blogging is about working within a network so the work of others is often a great, accessible resource for inspiration.

5. Start promoting and earning money

Your blog has pretty much taken shape by this point – you have both the design and content prepared. The last thing to think about is your audience and how they will find you.

Promoting your content can be time consuming but it is definitely worth it once you start seeing increased site numbers. Additionally, if you are also aiming to start affiliate marketing, your web traffic needs to be healthy, otherwise you will not see much in the way of returns on affiliate links.

The general rule is to spend at least twice as long promoting your content as you did creating it. Here are a few avenues through which you can promote your blog:

• Social media: Aside from sharing with your existing network of friends and family, don’t hesitate to promote your blog on relevant pages. For example, if you are writing about fashion or design, comment on a magazine’s Facebook posts with a link to your own page.
• Interview people in your network: A great way to gain an audience is by aligning yourself with more established names. If you have a connection with someone in the blogging world that has an existing audience, you will generate both content and promotion for your own page.
• Network with fellow bloggers: Engaging with other bloggers via comments and social media is a great way to make a name for yourself in a particular field of interest. If you have a positive dynamic, more popular bloggers may give you a shout out or mention in their own content.
• Set up a mailing list: If you have worked so hard to find an audience, it makes sense to work to retain them. Ensure your audience feels connected to you and continues to visit your blog by reaching out regularly with engaging content, .

The last point is probably the most important. Regularly contacting your audience is a great way to keep them engaged and interested in your ongoing content. Set up a signup form in your posts, and you will accumulate email addresses quickly and easily. Once you have these subscribers, you can manage your newsletters with free services like MailChimp.

Updating your audience when have new content drives traffic up and ensures your readers won’t miss any of your work.

Blogging tips to get you started quickly

Your blog is set up, and you’re ready to click publish on your first post. But wait! Before you go live, here are three quick tips to help you get started on the right note:

1. Keep your content strong

It’s one thing to write about what you love but another to write about it effectively. To make sure your content is as good as it should be, take advantage of resources online like SEO-writing guides and tools like Yoast. This is a free plugin that helps you ensure your content is Google-friendly and ready to rank organically in searches.

2. Keep your content honest

Building a loyal audience is a key factor to ongoing success with blogs and returning readers are consistently high drivers of site traffic. Additionally, audience loyalty is a strength if you decide to branch out into affiliate marketing as they will trust your recommendations and drive your sales with any affiliate partners you work with. For that reason, it is important to maintain a level of honesty in your work.

3. Keep your content focused

Along with an editorial calendar, dedicate a fixed amount of time per week to your blog. As a starter blog, it is important to establish yourself with consistent and high-quality content. Building an audience will be vital to your blog’s ongoing success, so make sure you’re working with this in mind. By setting some time aside, you are less likely to rush your posts. You will also be better able to keep your target audience in mind when producing content.

Conclusion

Although there are a number of things to consider before diving in head first, starting a blog is a great way to establish yourself online. By creating your own unique space, you will connect with an audience and network of people who share your interests or hobbies.

Additionally, if you are successful enough in building your audience, you can strive to make an income from your blog. Concepts such as affiliate marketing are a great way to monetise your hard work and content creation.

last but not the least making all these especially money is not an easy and quick task but slow and steady win the rest!

What is Hacking

 

What is hacking?

Hacking refers to activities that seek to compromise digital devices, such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and even entire networks. And while hacking might not always be for malicious purposes, nowadays most references to hacking, and hackers, characterize it/them as unlawful activity by cybercriminals—motivated by financial gain, protest, information gathering (spying), and even just for the “fun” of the challenge.

 

Many think that “hacker” refers to some self-taught whiz kid or rogue programmer skilled at modifying computer hardware or software so it can be used in ways outside the original developers' intent. But this is a narrow view that doesn't begin to encompass the wide range of reasons why someone turns to hacking. (For an in-depth look at hackers, read “Under the hoodie: why money, power, and ego drive hackers to cybercrime” by Wendy Zamora.)

 

Hacking is typically technical in nature (like creating malvertising that deposits malware in a drive-by attack requiring no user interaction). But hackers can also use psychology to trick the user into clicking on a malicious attachment or providing personal data. These tactics are referred to as “social engineering.”

“Hacking has evolved from teenage mischief into a billion-dollar growth business.”

 

In fact, it's accurate to characterize hacking as an over-arching umbrella term for activity behind most if not all of the malware and malicious cyberattacks on the computing public, businesses, and governments. Besides social engineering and malvertising, common hacking techniques include:

Botnets

Browser hijacks

Denial of service (DDoS) attacks

Ransomware

Rootkits

Trojans

Viruses                                           

Worms

 

As such, hacking has evolved from teenage mischief into a billion-dollar growth business, whose adherents have established a criminal infrastructure that develops and sells turnkey hacking tools to would-be crooks with less sophisticated technical skills (known as “script kiddies”). As an example, see: Emotet.

 

In another example, Windows users are reportedly the target of a wide-spread cybercriminal effort offering remote access to IT systems for just N4000 via a dark web hacking store—potentially enabling attackers to steal information, disrupt systems, deploy ransom ware, and more. Systems advertised for sale on the forum range from Windows XP through to Windows 10. The storeowners even offer tips for how those using the illicit logins can remain undetected.

 

Protect your device from hackers

Keep your personal data safe from hackers. Download Malware bytes Premium free for 14 days.

History of hacking/hackers

In its current usage, the term dates back to the 1970s. In 1980, an article in Psychology Today used the term “hacker” in its title: “The Hacker Papers,” which discussed the addictive nature of computer use.

Types of hacking/hackers

Broadly speaking, you can say that hackers attempt to break into computers and networks for any of four reasons.

There's criminal financial gain, meaning the theft of credit card numbers or defrauding banking systems.

Next, gaining street cred and burnishing one's reputation within hacker subculture motivates some hackers as they leave their mark on websites they vandalize as proof that they pulled off the hack.

Then there's corporate espionage, when one company's hackers seek to steal information on a competitor's products and services to gain a marketplace advantage.

Finally, entire nations engage in state-sponsored hacking to steal business and/or national intelligence, to destabilize their adversaries' infrastructure, or even to sow discord and confusion in the target country.

There's even another category of cybercriminals: the hacker who is politically or socially motivated for some cause. Such hacker-activists, or “hacktivists,” strive to focus public attention on an issue by garnering unflattering attention on the target—usually by making sensitive information public. For

 

“Today's cybersecurity frontier retains that Wild West vibe, with white hat and black hat hackers.”

If a hacker is a person with deep understanding of computer systems and software, and who uses that knowledge to somehow subvert that technology, then a black hat hacker does so for stealing something valuable or other malicious reasons. So it's reasonable to assign any of those four motivations (theft, reputation, corporate espionage, and nation-state hacking) to the black hats.

 

White hat hackers, on the other hand, strive to improve the security of an organization's security systems by finding vulnerable flaws so that they can prevent identity theft or other cybercrimes before the black hats notice. Corporations even employ their own white hat hackers as part of their support staff, as a recent article from the New York Times online edition highlights. Or businesses can even outsource their white hat hacking to services such as HackerOne, which tests software products for vulnerabilities and bugs for a bounty.

 

Finally, there's the gray hat crowd, hackers who use their skills to break into systems and networks without permission (just like the black hats). But instead of wreaking criminal havoc, they might report their discovery to the target owner and offer to repair the vulnerability for a small fee.

 

Whether you're on your phone or a computer, make sure your operating system remains updated. And update your other resident software as well.

Kwamfuta da bangarorinta

 

Abaya munce zamu dan tabo muku bangarorin kwamfuta haemukace akwai ababenda ake kira Auxiliaries!

Mene Auxiliaries peripheral device ?  Idan bakumanatab muna bayanine kan Gangar jikin kwfuta (hardware) kuma munce zamu Wadannan suma sunkasu kasha biyu akwai ababen shigarda bayanai (Input device), dakuma ababen miko/fiterda da bayanai (Output devices)

kawo muku wasu bangarori masu matukar muhimmaci ajikin kwamfuta; wadannan ababe suma bagarena nata amma ana jonasune ajikin ajikin kwamfuta ta waje wato ana jonsune ta ramukanda aka tanadar wato (ports) irnnsu ramin USB Universal Serial Buss, PS2, Ethernet, Audio ports ds. To ajikin wadannan ramuka ake jona wadannan devices, peripherals sunhada da telebijin Monitor, allon shigarda rubutu/saqo(keyboard), dan beran kwamfuter (mouse), masarrafar cire sako (Printer), masarrafar kwafe saqon aslai (scanner), amsa kuwa (speaker) da mashigar sauti (microphone), wayar sadar da yanar gizo(Ethernet cable), ds.

1.       Ababen shigarda bayani (Input devices)

Wadannan ana amfanine dasu wajen shigarwa kwamfuta bayanai/saqonni kama daga rubutaccen saqo (written text), hotone(pictures), hoto me motsi (videos) ko murya/ sauti

 (Audio) ds.

1.       Ababen miko/fitarda bayani (Output devices)

Duk wadannan Sukuma ana amfani dasu wajen fitarda bayanai domin amfanin kai mai aiki da kwamfuta.

Kasancewar wadannan dama wasunsu dasuka hadu suka bada computer system wai shin asali haka kwamfutar tafaro ?

Wannan shiyakaimu ga rubutamuku takaitaccen tarihin kwamfuta domin sanin wasu surruruka dake tattare da kwamfuta kuma wani matakai tabiyo har takawo yanzu ?  kukaranta rubutunmu mai taken TARIHIN KWAMFUTA .

Allah yasa mudace.

Ismail Muhammad.