'Yan Kutse (Hackers) !
Suwaye ‘yan Kutse
(hacker) kuma menene kutse (?
Ita Kutse (Hacking) hanyace ta kutaswa dakuma rikitawa ko
canjawa cikin rubutattun jawawabai (programs) ko muce manhajojin na’urori
(kwamfuta ko wayayin hannu) da aka adana ko wadanda ake amfani dasu dan
kasuwanci, ko labarai, ko zumunci, ko nishadi kokuma bayanan sirri. Sau dayawa
sukanyine don neman kudi, satar bayanai, lalata tsari,tsaro, wasukuma sukanyine don jin dadin kansu.
'Yan Kutse (Hackers)kwararru ne kan harkan kwamfuta da
abinda ya shafi ruhinta, masu amfani da kwarewarsu wajen shiga kwamfutocin
mutane ba tare da izni ba, a nesa ne ko a kusa ; kuma suna aiko ma kwamfutoci
cututtuka da dama, don satan bayanai ko aikin leken asiri. A takaice dai mutane ne masu mummnunan manufa
wajen kwarewarsu. A yau zamu leka
duniyarsu ne don sanin hakikanin tsarin rayuwarsu : irin sunaye ko lakubbansu,
gidajen yanar sadarwarsu, shahararrun littafai kan aikinsu, dabi’unsu da
addininsu na dandatsanci da kuma
shahararru cikin finafinan da aka yi kan sana’arsu. Ga fili ga mai doki.
Tsarin Tunaninsu
Su wadannan mutane ‘yan adam ne kamar sauran mutane, sai dai
suna da wani tunani da ya sha banban da na sauran masu sana’ar ginawa da kuma
tsara manhajan kwamfuta (Programmers) irin su. A yayin da sauran ‘yan uwansu ke tafiyar da
sana’arsu ta hanyar gina manhaja tare da cikakken hakkin mallaka, watau
Copyright, Sukuma (Hackers) suna ganin bai dace ba a ce don ka kirkiri manhaja
(software), kai za ka mallake ta kai kadai, sai wanda ka sayarwa. Suna ganin duk mai wata fasaha ko wani ilimi;
littafi ne ko finafinan bidiyo, ko kuma masarrafa ce ta kwamfuta, dole ne ya
sako dabarun da yayi amfani dasu (Source Codes), don kowa ya kwafa, ya canza,
ya kuma sarrafa shi yadda yake so.
Wannan tsari da suke kira gareshi shi ake kira Open Source. Idan kuwa ka
gina masarrafa ka boye, to duk inda ka ajiye shi, muddin yana cikin kwamfuta a
duniyan nan, za su shiga su sato shi, su raba ma jama’a ko duk wani mai
bukata. Idan littafi ne ma haka ne, za
su sace, ta hanyar P2P su kuma raba wa duk mai so. Wannan tunani nasu ya yi daidai da tunani
irin na ‘yan gurguzu, watau Socialists.
Shi yasa idan ka samu mujallarsu mai suna : 2600 Hackers Quarterly, za
ka samu shahararrun kalmomin shugaban ‘yan gurguzu na duniya, watau Karl Max,
masu nuna cewa arzikin kasa, ko waye ya samo su, to na kowa da kowa ne.
Tarbiyyarsu
Ladubban tafiyar da sana’ar su ta kutse, Da farko dai idan ma suna da addinai nasu
(kamar Kiristanci ko Yahudanci ko Musulunci), to suna da wani addini daban mai
suna Zen. Ban sani ba, watakila bai kamata a kira shi addini ba. Amma wani tsarin tunani ne mai tattare da
amince wa yiwuwar duk wani abinda kwakwalwa bazai yarda da yiwuwarsa ba. Suka ce idan ba ka iya tunani kan yiwuwar
komai a duniyan nan, to baka cika dan kutse ba.
Dole ka yarda cewa kana iya yin komai da dabarunka. Kalmar ‘komai’ a nan na nufin duk wani tsari
na ta’addanci ne da iya-shege. Har wa
yau, mutane ne masu son yin ba daidai ba, masu kaifin hadda, masu iya lissafi
da kididdiga, masu yawan sauraron wakoki
na wasu mawaka da suka killace, masu kwarewa wajen iya rubutu da karatu, masu
sha’awan tsarin dambace-dambace daban daban na duniya, (irin su Tae Kwon Do, da
Karate, da Kung Fu, da Akido). A takaice
dai mutane ne marasa tsoro da tsaurin ido.
Nau’ukansu
Sun kasu kashi biyu ne; akwai kwararru, wadanda sun kware ne
kan harkan kwamfuta da manhajojinta (Programmers), kuma da wannan suke ci ko
suka ci abinci a farkon rayuwarsu. Amma
daga baya sai suka zaban ma kansu wannan hanya mummuna a matsayin sana’a. Wadannan, su ake kira Black Hat Hackers.
Su Black Hat Hackers sune masu gina manhajojin sata da leken asiri, su
ne masu gina manhajojin kai hari ta amfani da tsarin DDoS, da ma dukkan wani
manhaja na Kutse ga kwamfuta.
Se kuma kwararru makamantansu da suka zabi hanyar cin halal
da zaman lafiya da kwarewarsu, su ake kira White Hat Hackers).
Sai kuma wadanda
suka tsinci sana’ar a rana, masu amfani da tsintattun masarrafan ta’addanci da
ake samu daga Intanet. Galibinsu idan sun
kai hari a wata kwamfuta, a kan gane. Su
wadannan su ake kira Script Kiddies.
Watau kamar kace ‘yan kananan
kwari, masu takaitacciyar barna.
Kwararrun Cikinsu
Kada ka raba daya biyu, wadanda suka fi kwarewa wajen iya Kutse
(Hacking) a duniya su ne ‘yan kasar Rasha, wannan da tabbacin duk wani dan Kutse
a duniya. Hakan ya faru ne kuwa saboda
Allah Ya hore musu kwarewa wajen fannin lissafi (Mathematics) – don kasar Rasha
ce ke da makarantar fannin lissafi mafi girma a duniya - su ke ba kamfanonin caca na kasar Ingila
tsananin ciwon kai ; su ne ke da kwarewa wajen iya darkake kwamfuta a ko ina
take, ta amfani da makamin Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS); su suka fi
kowa iya sata ta hanyar kwamfuta ; su suka fi sauran ‘yan dandatsa kwarewa da
hazaka wajen aikin. A duniya an yarda
kasar Isra’ila na daya cikin masu karfi kan fannin sadarwa ta kwamfuta. Hakan ya faru ne da taimakon ‘yan dandatsan
kasar Rasha. Dalili kan dukkan wannan
kuwa shine, a duniya kasar Rasha ce tafi kowace kasa yawan kwararru kan sana’ar
ginawa da kuma lura da manhajan kwamfuta, watau Computer Programmers. Amma duk da yawansu, galibinsu ba su da
sana’a tsayayye kan harkan, don haka sai suka shiga kutse kawai.
Alakar tsakaninsu
Mutane ne masu son zumunci a tsakaninsu ; abokin biri, kare
; abokin damo, guza. Ko basu taba
ganinka ba, idan suka ga sakon ka na dauke da tsarin lafazin su, zasu so
kawance da kai. Suna shirya babban taron
su a duk shekara, wanda suke kira Hacker on Planet Earth Conference, watau
HOPE, kuma sun fara wannan taro ne tun shekarar 1994. A wannan rana kusan duk
wani dan Kutse da ke Amurka da sauran kasashen Turai (wasu ma daga Asiya) sukan
taru, a gabatar da kasidu da makaloli kan yadda sana’arsu za ta ci gaba da
kasancewa. Suna kuma taruwa ne a daya daga cikin manyan Otal din birnin New
York, mai suna Hotel Pennsylvania. Kusan
duk shekara sai an kai musu samame a wajen wannan taro, amma sun ki dainawa. A
karshe dai, hukumar gwamnatin Amurka karkashin Bush ta yanke shawaran rusa Otal
din ma gaba daya, don a cewarta, tsohon gini ne da ya tare hanya, kuma yana
haddasa cinkoso a Unguwar Manhattan da ke birnin New York. Babban Magana!
Wuraren Shakatawansu
Kaman kowa, ‘yan Dandatsa na bukatar shakatawa, don samun
sararawa daga fitintinun jami’an tsaro da ke bin su sau da kafa a dukkan
lokuta. Tabbas sukan je gidan rawa da
wuraren shakatawa, amma babu inda suka fi samun sakewa irin Intanet, don a
nanne suke haduwa, su yada ilimin sana’arsu a tsakanin su, su taimaka wa junansu,
su tattauna kan matsalar su kafin babban taro, su nemo sabbin hanyoyin warware
wasu matsaloli da ke ci musu tuwo a kwarya.
Wasu cikin wuraren sun hada da http://.talk.hope.net, da
http://www.lifehacker.com, da dai sauran su.
Tsarin Lakubbansu
Mutane ne masu bad-da-kama, ba su son a san ko su waye
ne. Idan ba sana’arsu kake ba, baka isa
ka san halin da suke ciki ba. Wannan
tasa suke amfani da lakabi ko lakubba, watau Handles, wajen sadarwa a
tsakaninsu da sauran mutane. Su daman
galibi a duniyar karkashin kasa suke, inda suke cin kasuwansu da tsinke. Don
haka bai sayi wuri ba ka ga sunaye irinsu: Major Lump, ko Cliff, ko Cadet
Crusher, ko Xyzzy, ko BillSF, ko EvilBrak, ko Natas, ko dNight, ko Local
Luminary, ko Comfreak da dai sauran lakubba marasa ma’ana ga makaranci. Su a garesu hatta harafin 0 na da ma’ana.
dafatan zaku riki matakan kariya daga karkatattu 'yaan dandatsa!
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